Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers Entry-Level Career Resources

Bachelor Degree Entry Level Careers and Jobs (jobs after undergraduate degree)

Explore Careers and Jobs Predominantly Filled by Those with a Bachelor Degree, having 1 year or less of work experience - All On One Page

Sorted by median annual U.S. salary, including % with Bachelor's Degree, and % with 1 year experience (or less).

These entry-level roles are designed for new bachelor's degree graduates ready to start their first professional position. For recent graduates who want realistic starting points that match their degree and experience level. Compare starting salaries and degree-holder percentages, then access preparation resources built for new graduates.

4 Steps to Use This Page: 1-Explore Careers of Intrerest 2-See Job Listings Matched to Career 3-Prepare for the Career 4-See External Career Resources

Here is a short Helper Video .

This page will take you through 4 steps, to find entry level Bachelor degree jobs and careers: (1) Select an entry-level career, (2) Find active job listings, (3) Prepare for the career you chose, and (4) Provide web resources specific to the career you chose.

Step 1: Select a Career: You will be presented with a listing of Bachelor's Degree entry-level careers. The list may be quite long. There are two ways you might like to use this list:
1) Filter - As you enter a word, you will filter (limit) the list of careers below
2) Browse the list (Don't Filter) - You can simply browse the list of careers. There may be many that you might never have considered. This may help you to discover entry-level careers that might be of interest.

Once you have identified a career of interest, simply click on it.

Step 2: Find a Job: After you have selected a career/job title above, you will see a form asking for your location. You will see several radio selection choices to utilize the job search site of your choice.

Step 3: Prepare For a Career: In this section you will gain access to detailed information to help you prepare for the career you selected. Information includes core and supplemental duties, general and specific work activities, knowledge required, essential and transferable skills required, day-in-the-life summaries, knowledge required, software skills required, preparation required, educational requirements, training and work experience required, local salary information, certifications, professional associations, current job listings for the job selected along with multiple similar job titles, and related careers (related to what they do, what they know, and what they're called).

Step 4: Career-Specific Resources (detailed and constantly updated): Continue to scroll down the page and you will find tabs that will provide detailed (updated) links to occupational information specific to the career you selected. This information includes:
Videos: Provides a listing of video links related to this career. A great way to get a quick overview of the occupation.
Resumes: Sources for resume materials and techniques. This can help to get you started.
Job Description: Sources that provide job descriptions, which are vital to resume and interview preparation.
Interviews: Provides links that can help you to prepare for and successfully complete the job interview.
Step by Step: Provides links to resources that can help to organize the career search process.
LinkedIn: One of the best professional social media sites that provides links, opportunities, and networking specifically for careers and career development.

Step 1 of 4: Select a Career

Leading Books About Bachelor's Degree Jobs
What entry level jobs can you get with a Bachelor's Degree? Scroll through the picklist (below). These are entry level careers (1 year or less work experience) related to the Bachelor's Degree level, with at least 30% of job holders having a Bachelor's Degree. - 110 specific careers are listed. Select those careers that may be of interest - you will then get links to matching active job listings, and detailed resources to help you prepare.
You can use this form two ways:
1) Enter a Keyword - As you enter a keyword, you will filter (limit) the listing to those occupations that contain the keyword entered
2) Browse the list (Don't enter a keyword) - You can simply browse the list of occupations. There may be many that you might never have considered. This may help you to discover jobs that might be of interest.

Enter a Keyword (filter the list below)
OR - leave blank and scroll through the choices:

Select a Job Title - Sorted by Annual Salary -(scroll and Select) :
Legend: Career Title Link / (% having Bachelor's Degree) / (% having less than 1 year experience) / (Median Annual U.S. Salary)

Water Resource Specialists / 50.00% / 36.37% / ($157,740)

Medical Dosimetrists / 75.00% / 30.00% / ($132,880)

Actuaries / 89.28% / 82.14% / ($120,000)

Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists / 76.00% / 36.00% / ($112,280)

Chemical Engineers / 95.65% / 78.26% / ($112,100)

Solar Energy Systems Engineers / 55.56% / 32.13% / ($111,970)

Photonics Engineers / 52.38% / 34.79% / ($111,970)

Orthoptists / 85.71% / 53.57% / ($107,990)

Materials Scientists / 66.66% / 52.38% / ($106,160)

Materials Engineers / 52.38% / 38.09% / ($104,100)

Computer Systems Analysts / 41.93% / 31.42% / ($103,800)

Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers / 88.47% / 46.16% / ($103,690)

Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers / 50.00% / 41.17% / ($101,800)

Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers / 43.48% / 52.18% / ($100,730)

Environmental Engineers / 66.66% / 61.91% / ($100,090)

Computer Programmers / 88.04% / 40.18% / ($99,700)

Automotive Engineers / 71.43% / 38.09% / ($99,510)

Fuel Cell Engineers / 57.14% / 45.47% / ($99,510)

Manufacturing Engineers / 76.00% / 34.61% / ($99,380)

Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists / 50.00% / 45.00% / ($99,380)

Video Game Designers / 55.00% / 40.00% / ($98,540)

Radiation Therapists / 37.54% / 42.76% / ($98,300)

Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists / 39.13% / 73.92% / ($96,370)

Transportation Engineers / 86.36% / 40.91% / ($95,890)

Water/Wastewater Engineers / 69.57% / 50.00% / ($95,890)

Transportation Planners / 55.00% / 35.00% / ($95,890)

Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers / 40.62% / 53.13% / ($92,580)

Intelligence Analysts / 73.92% / 30.43% / ($91,100)

Molecular and Cellular Biologists / 34.62% / 38.46% / ($91,100)

Geographers / 45.00% / 45.00% / ($90,880)

Hydrologists / 43.48% / 45.46% / ($88,770)

Agricultural Engineers / 75.00% / 35.00% / ($88,750)

Acute Care Nurses / 66.66% / 52.38% / ($86,070)

Registered Nurses / 55.92% / 37.83% / ($86,070)

Critical Care Nurses / 50.00% / 60.71% / ($86,070)

Microbiologists / 72.73% / 54.55% / ($85,470)

Web Developers / 50.00% / 33.33% / ($84,960)

First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers / 44.97% / 30.56% / ($84,570)

Financial Examiners / 95.66% / 47.83% / ($84,300)

Operations Research Analysts / 42.85% / 40.00% / ($83,640)

Food Scientists and Technologists / 81.82% / 54.55% / ($82,090)

Chemical Plant and System Operators / 36.27% / 34.85% / ($80,030)

Online Merchants / 41.29% / 37.80% / ($79,590)

Credit Analysts / 95.00% / 30.00% / ($79,420)

Logistics Engineers / 73.91% / 39.14% / ($79,400)

Landscape Architects / 95.00% / 36.84% / ($79,320)

Insurance Underwriters / 73.33% / 40.00% / ($77,860)

Commercial and Industrial Designers / 67.92% / 32.87% / ($76,250)

Cartographers and Photogrammetrists / 31.50% / 56.99% / ($76,210)

Environmental Compliance Inspectors / 75.00% / 40.00% / ($75,670)

Coroners / 50.00% / 40.00% / ($75,670)

Government Property Inspectors and Investigators / 39.34% / 49.63% / ($75,670)

Writers and Authors / 46.95% / 31.03% / ($73,690)

Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling / 52.12% / 30.60% / ($73,460)

Dietitians and Nutritionists / 63.33% / 30.00% / ($69,680)

Electrical and Electronics Drafters / 40.08% / 46.57% / ($69,260)

Conservation Scientists / 78.27% / 39.14% / ($68,750)

Park Naturalists / 49.75% / 56.05% / ($68,750)

Surveyors / 47.37% / 30.00% / ($68,540)

Adapted Physical Education Specialists / 71.43% / 76.18% / ($67,190)

Special Education Teachers, Secondary School / 57.35% / 62.00% / ($66,620)

Special Education Teachers, Middle School / 82.51% / 53.04% / ($66,600)

Film and Video Editors / 65.10% / 32.92% / ($66,600)

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products / 33.89% / 36.34% / ($65,630)

Special Education Teachers, Preschool / 63.43% / 60.73% / ($65,270)

Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education / 84.73% / 71.18% / ($65,220)

Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School / 44.42% / 31.47% / ($65,130)

Forensic Science Technicians / 32.36% / 32.02% / ($64,940)

Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education / 88.24% / 62.40% / ($64,290)

Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School / 80.62% / 56.90% / ($63,860)

Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education / 78.17% / 63.08% / ($63,680)

Music Therapists / 84.62% / 65.38% / ($63,650)

Real Estate Brokers / 45.33% / 36.44% / ($63,060)

Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education / 86.20% / 75.61% / ($62,690)

Interior Designers / 84.00% / 40.00% / ($62,510)

Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists / 88.03% / 43.28% / ($61,800)

Paralegals and Legal Assistants / 46.50% / 34.43% / ($60,970)

Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors / 52.22% / 39.65% / ($60,560)

Fish and Game Wardens / 79.35% / 45.27% / ($60,380)

Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators / 35.12% / 42.16% / ($59,300)

Computer User Support Specialists / 47.32% / 32.44% / ($59,240)

Insurance Sales Agents / 46.90% / 72.73% / ($59,080)

Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents / 33.61% / 38.40% / ($58,530)

Recreational Therapists / 97.30% / 55.26% / ($57,120)

Interpreters and Translators / 54.72% / 35.52% / ($57,090)

Chemical Technicians / 43.74% / 47.59% / ($56,750)

Social Science Research Assistants / 54.32% / 46.58% / ($56,400)

Exercise Physiologists / 59.09% / 50.00% / ($54,860)

Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians / 72.05% / 33.89% / ($54,000)

Child, Family, and School Social Workers / 68.66% / 36.21% / ($53,940)

Desktop Publishers / 38.70% / 45.93% / ($51,290)

Airfield Operations Specialists / 50.86% / 50.32% / ($51,140)

Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health / 68.18% / 68.18% / ($50,660)

Statistical Assistants / 61.28% / 36.94% / ($50,510)

Food Science Technicians / 32.33% / 67.10% / ($49,090)

Proofreaders and Copy Markers / 47.30% / 47.90% / ($48,790)

Cargo and Freight Agents / 30.75% / 74.53% / ($48,330)

Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping / 33.81% / 30.88% / ($47,710)

Loan Interviewers and Clerks / 38.26% / 36.81% / ($47,380)

Coaches and Scouts / 48.89% / 33.27% / ($45,910)

Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys / 35.18% / 40.27% / ($44,890)

Speech-Language Pathology Assistants / 37.46% / 85.80% / ($44,490)

Rehabilitation Counselors / 55.86% / 55.52% / ($44,040)

Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary / 57.32% / 66.98% / ($43,750)

Precision Agriculture Technicians / 34.78% / 43.48% / ($43,180)

Social and Human Service Assistants / 40.46% / 60.58% / ($41,410)

Tutors / 40.91% / 72.73% / ($39,580)

Residential Advisors / 31.29% / 65.91% / ($37,950)

Substitute Teachers, Short-Term / 40.15% / 66.44% / ($37,380)

Recreation Workers / 61.96% / 40.14% / ($34,410)

Step 2 of 4: Find a Job

Job Listings for: Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers.

Step 3 of 4: Prepare For a Career

Prepare for the "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers" Career
The details below will provide a pathway to your specific job goal and help you to identify an appropriate career ladder.

Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers

Description: Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.

U.S. Total Employment (2023): 29,000	U.S. Total Employment (2033 est.): 31,000
Employment Change (2023-2033 est.): 2,000 (7%)	Average Annual Job Openings (2023-2033 est.): 3,100

Please click on a section below to expand and see detailed occupational information related to "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers":

Core Duties

Important Core Job Duties (in order of importance) For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%)	Description
Importance: 100 (%)	Description: Communicate geological findings by writing research papers, participating in conferences, or teaching geological science at universities.
Importance: 97 (%)	Description: Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software.
Importance: 97 (%)	Description: Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos.
Importance: 94 (%)	Description: Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application.
Importance: 94 (%)	Description: Locate and review research articles or environmental, historical, or technical reports.
Importance: 91 (%)	Description: Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains.
Importance: 78 (%)	Description: Review environmental, historical, or technical reports and publications for accuracy.
Importance: 78 (%)	Description: Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research.
Importance: 75 (%)	Description: Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, or mineral ore deposits or underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research or survey results.
Importance: 74 (%)	Description: Conduct geological or geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, or development of public works projects.
Importance: 72 (%)	Description: Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions.
Importance: 69 (%)	Description: Measure characteristics of the Earth, such as gravity or magnetic fields, using equipment such as seismographs, gravimeters, torsion balances, or magnetometers.
Importance: 68 (%)	Description: Advise construction firms or government agencies on dam or road construction, foundation design, land use, or resource management.

Supplemental Duties

Important Supplemental Job Duties (in order of importance) For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%)	Description
Importance: 59 (%)	Description: Develop applied software for the analysis and interpretation of geological data.
Importance: 59 (%)	Description: Develop strategies for more environmentally friendly resource extraction and reclamation.
Importance: 56 (%)	Description: Locate potential sources of geothermal energy.
Importance: 56 (%)	Description: Identify deposits of construction materials suitable for use as concrete aggregates, road fill, or other applications.
Importance: 56 (%)	Description: Study historical climate change indicators found in locations, such as ice sheets or rock formations to develop climate change models.
Importance: 56 (%)	Description: Test industrial diamonds or abrasives, soil, or rocks to determine their geological characteristics, using optical, x-ray, heat, acid, or precision instruments.
Importance: 56 (%)	Description: Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice on issues, such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites.
Importance: 50 (%)	Description: Review work plans to determine the effectiveness of activities for mitigating soil or groundwater contamination.
Importance: 47 (%)	Description: Identify possible sites for carbon sequestration projects.
Importance: 42 (%)	Description: Determine ways to mitigate the negative consequences of mineral dust dispersion.
Importance: 41 (%)	Description: Design geological mine maps, monitor mine structural integrity, or advise and monitor mining crews.
Importance: 41 (%)	Description: Provide advice on the safe siting of new nuclear reactor projects or methods of nuclear waste management.
Importance: 39 (%)	Description: Collaborate with medical or health researchers to address health problems related to geological materials or processes.
Importance: 39 (%)	Description: Research geomechanical or geochemical processes to be used in carbon sequestration projects.
Importance: 38 (%)	Description: Identify new sources of platinum group elements for industrial applications, such as automotive fuel cells or pollution abatement systems.
Importance: 34 (%)	Description: Determine methods to incorporate geomethane or methane hydrates into global energy production or evaluate the potential environmental impacts of such incorporation.
Importance: 31 (%)	Description: Research ways to reduce the ecological footprint of increasingly prevalent megacities.
Importance: 31 (%)	Description: Develop ways to capture or use gases burned off as waste during oil production processes.
Importance: 28 (%)	Description: Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, using test equipment or drilling machinery.

Work Activities

Important General Work Activities (in order of importance) For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%)	Description
Importance: 94 (%)	Description: Getting Information: Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Importance: 94 (%)	Description: Analyzing Data or Information: Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Importance: 89 (%)	Description: Working with Computers: Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Importance: 88 (%)	Description: Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates: Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Importance: 88 (%)	Description: Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events: Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Importance: 87 (%)	Description: Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge: Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Importance: 86 (%)	Description: Processing Information: Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Importance: 85 (%)	Description: Thinking Creatively: Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Importance: 84 (%)	Description: Making Decisions and Solving Problems: Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Importance: 81 (%)	Description: Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others: Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Importance: 81 (%)	Description: Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work: Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Importance: 81 (%)	Description: Documenting/Recording Information: Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Importance: 80 (%)	Description: Communicating with People Outside the Organization: Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Importance: 78 (%)	Description: Training and Teaching Others: Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Importance: 78 (%)	Description: Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships: Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Importance: 74 (%)	Description: Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings: Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Importance: 72 (%)	Description: Developing Objectives and Strategies: Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Importance: 72 (%)	Description: Providing Consultation and Advice to Others: Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Importance: 69 (%)	Description: Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others: Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Importance: 68 (%)	Description: Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Importance: 66 (%)	Description: Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates: Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Importance: 66 (%)	Description: Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards: Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Importance: 65 (%)	Description: Scheduling Work and Activities: Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Importance: 65 (%)	Description: Coaching and Developing Others: Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Importance: 65 (%)	Description: Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People: Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Importance: 64 (%)	Description: Developing and Building Teams: Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.

Specific Work Activities

Important Specific Work Activities How can you begin to build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation. Specific Work Activities appear below:
Advise others about environmental management or conservation.
Advise others on management of emergencies or hazardous situations or materials.
Analyze environmental data.
Analyze geological or geographical data.
Analyze geological samples.
Collect data about project sites.
Communicate results of environmental research.
Conduct research to gain information about products or processes.
Coordinate cross-disciplinary research programs.
Design research studies to obtain scientific information.
Determine methods to minimize environmental impact of activities.
Develop plans to manage natural or renewable resources.
Develop software or applications for scientific or technical use.
Develop sustainable industrial or development methods.
Inspect facilities or sites to determine if they meet specifications or standards.
Inspect work sites to identify potential environmental or safety hazards.
Instruct college students in physical or life sciences.
Interpret research or operational data.
Locate natural resources using geospatial or other environmental data.
Measure environmental characteristics.
Monitor construction operations.
Prepare maps.
Prepare scientific or technical reports or presentations.
Proofread documents, records, or other files to ensure accuracy.
Research geological features or processes.
Research hydrologic features or processes.
Research impacts of environmental conservation initiatives.
Review plans or proposals for environmental conservation.
Review professional literature to maintain professional knowledge.

Knowledge Required

Knowledge Required (in order of importance) For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%)	Description
Importance: 78 (%)	Description: Geography: Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Importance: 75 (%)	Description: Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Importance: 75 (%)	Description: English Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Importance: 74 (%)	Description: Chemistry: Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Importance: 72 (%)	Description: Physics: Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Importance: 70 (%)	Description: Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Importance: 63 (%)	Description: Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Importance: 63 (%)	Description: Education and Training: Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.

Essential Skills

Essential Skills (in order of importance) These are the foundational skills most central to success in this occupation. For the Top 5 most important, how can you begin building experience and confidence using these skills now?
Importance (%)	Description
Importance: 68 (%)	Description: Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Importance: 66 (%)	Description: Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Importance: 66 (%)	Description: Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Importance: 66 (%)	Description: Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Importance: 64 (%)	Description: Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Importance: 64 (%)	Description: Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Importance: 56 (%)	Description: Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
Importance: 54 (%)	Description: Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Importance: 52 (%)	Description: Learning Strategies: Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Importance: 52 (%)	Description: Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.

Transferable Skills

Transferable Skills (in order of importance) These are skills that can transfer across occupations and industries. For the Top 5 most important, how can you strengthen these skills now so they support both this career and future career flexibility?
Importance (%)	Description
Importance: 64 (%)	Description: Complex Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Importance: 64 (%)	Description: Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Importance: 54 (%)	Description: Systems Analysis: Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Importance: 54 (%)	Description: Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Importance: 52 (%)	Description: Coordination: Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

Day-in-the-Life Summaries

Day-in-the-Life Summaries
These summaries show the main types of activities you are likely to perform on a regular basis in this occupation. How can you imagine your typical workday — using these examples to see if this type of work fits you?

Activity: Advise others on environmental sustainability or green practices.

Activity: Advise others on workplace health or safety issues.

Activity: Analyze data to improve operations.

Activity: Analyze environmental or geospatial data.

Activity: Communicate environmental or sustainability information.

Activity: Create visual designs or displays.

Activity: Design computer or information systems or applications.

Activity: Determine operational methods or procedures.

Activity: Develop plans for managing or preserving natural resources.

Activity: Develop research plans or methodologies.

Activity: Develop sustainable organizational or business policies or practices.

Activity: Direct scientific or technical activities.

Activity: Examine materials or documentation for accuracy or compliance.

Activity: Gather data about operational or development activities.

Activity: Inspect facilities or equipment.

Activity: Investigate the environmental impact of industrial or development activities.

Activity: Maintain current knowledge in area of expertise.

Activity: Monitor environmental conditions.

Activity: Monitor operations to ensure adequate performance.

Activity: Present research or technical information.

Activity: Research issues related to earth sciences.

Activity: Research technology designs or applications.

Activity: Teach academic or vocational subjects.

Software Skills

Software Skills
These are examples of software tools commonly used in this occupation, organized from most to least important for your career preparation. How can you start learning or practicing the highest-priority tools so that you feel confident using them on the job?

High-Priority Tech Skills

Computer aided design CAD software:

Autodesk AutoCAD

Electronic mail software:

Microsoft Outlook

File versioning software:

Git

Geographic information system:

ESRI ArcGIS software

Object or component oriented development software:

Python

Office suite software:

Microsoft Office software

Presentation software:

Microsoft PowerPoint

Spreadsheet software:

Microsoft Excel

Word processing software:

Microsoft Word

Widely Used Tech Skills

Geographic information system:

Geographic information system GIS systems

Emerging Tech Skills

Analytical or scientific software:

SAS
The MathWorks MATLAB

Data base user interface and query software:

Microsoft Access
MySQL

Document management software:

Adobe Acrobat

Graphics or photo imaging software:

Adobe Photoshop

Project management software:

Microsoft Project

Web platform development software:

Microsoft Active Server Pages ASP

General Software Tools

Analytical or scientific software (scroll table below):

Alara CRystalView

Aquifer test software

Bentley Systems gINT

Bilko

ChemStat

Clover Technology GALENA

Compass software

CrystalMaker

Data logger software

Data mining software

EarthWorks Downhole Explorer

Earthworks MaxiPit

EasySolve Software SizePerm

Enigma software

EPIC GIS

Field data recorder software

Gemcom GEMS

Gemcom Surpac

Geo-Logic Systems LithoTect Interpreter

GeoModel

Geostatistical modeling GSTAT software

Geostatistics software GS+

Gresens 92

Groundwater modeling system GMS

Groundwater Vistas

Hydrogeology Basin2

HydroSOLVE AQTESOLV

IHS Energy PowerTools

Interpex IXID

IRIS Seismic Processing Workshop

Laboratory information management system LIMS

Landmark Graphics GeoGraphix

Landmark VIP

Maptek Vulcan

MIT OASES

Multivariate statistical program MVSP software

National Geophysical Data Center GEODAS

OriginLab Origin

PaleoMag

Paleontological Statistics PAST

PaleoTax

Parameter Estimation PEST

PolyMap

Red Rock DeltaGraph

RockWare ChemFlux

Rockware CrossLog

RockWare DepthCon2000

RockWare Erupt

RockWare FIRSTPIX

RockWare Geochemist's Workbench GWB

RockWare GeoTrig

RockWare GRADIX

RockWare Grav2Dc

RockWare Jlog

RockWare MicroMODEL

RockWare Plan

RockWare Potent

RockWare QuickSyn

RockWare RockPack III

RockWare VEGO

RockWare Visual STUNT

RockWare WinSism

RSI ENVI

RSI interactive data language IDL software

Scientific Software Group FEFLOW

Scientific Software Group Infinite Extent

Scientific Software Group SVHeat

SeeByte SeeTrack

Seismic interpretation software

Seismic Micro-Technology KINGDOM

Seismic visualization software

Shape software

Socorro Scientific Software Refract2K

Solvcalv

Starpint Software Super Slug

StrainSim

Systat Software SigmaStat

TECHBASE

Triton Elics International SeaClass

Waterloo Hydrogeologic AquaChem

Waterloo Hydrogeologic FlowPath II

Well logging software

Computer aided design CAD software (scroll table below):

Atoll GeoCAD

Evolution Computing EasyCAD

Evolution Computing FastCAD

Midland Valley 3DMove

MineSight

Paradigm SKUA-GOCAD

PowerCAD

Schlumberger Inside Reality

Trimble Terramodel

Upperspace DesignCAD

Upperspace ModelCAD

Data base user interface and query software (scroll table below):

EarthSoft EQuIS Geology

GeoPLUS Petra

Geosoft DAP server

MJ Systems Logsleuth

RockWare Stratbugs

Data conversion software:

BOSS Didger

Document management software:

MHC Document Express

Electronic mail software:

Email software

Geographic information system (scroll table below):

ESRI ArcIMS

ESRI ArcInfo

ESRI ArcView

Geographic information system GIS software

RockWare RockWorks

Graphics or photo imaging software:

ACD Systems Canvas

Map creation software (scroll table below):

ERDAS ER Mapper

Geographic resources analysis support system GRASS

Geomechanical design analysis GDA software

Geosoft Oasis montaj

Geospatial data abstraction library GDAL

Golden Software Surfer

Intergraph ImageStation Stereo Softcopy Kit SSK

Leica Geosystems ERDAS IMAGINE

MapInfo Professional

Mapping software

MICRODEM

MineGeo software

SACLANTCEN

Terrain surface mapping software

Office suite software:

OpenOffice.org

Preparation Required

Preparation Required - How much preparation is needed to obtain this type of job?

Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed

Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.

Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).

Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.

These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, physician assistants, and veterinarians.

Education Required

Education Required - by frequency of educational attainment This shows you details about the level of education most commonly held by workers in this occupation. How can you begin planning the educational pathway that will prepare you best for this type of work?
Frequency of Attainment (%)	Level of Education
Frequency of Attainment: 43.8 (%)	Level of Education: Master's Degree
Frequency of Attainment: 37.5 (%)	Level of Education: Bachelor's Degree
Frequency of Attainment: 9.4 (%)	Level of Education: Doctoral Degree
Frequency of Attainment: 6.3 (%)	Level of Education: Post-Doctoral Training
Frequency of Attainment: 3.1 (%)	Level of Education: Post-Baccalaureate Certificate - awarded for completion of an organized program of study; designed for people who have completed a Baccalaureate degree but do not meet the requirements of academic degrees carrying the title of Master.

Training and Experience Required

Training and Experience Required - by frequency of training and work experience attainment This section shows you how often different types of training and work experience are required for this occupation. How can you start gaining the kinds of experience and training that are most common for this type of work?
Frequency of Attainment (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience
Frequency of Attainment: 21.9 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 6 months, up to and including 1 year
Frequency of Attainment: 18.8 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: None
Frequency of Attainment: 15.6 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 1 year, up to and including 2 years
Frequency of Attainment: 15.6 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 2 years, up to and including 4 years
Frequency of Attainment: 6.3 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 1 month, up to and including 3 months
Frequency of Attainment: 6.3 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 3 months, up to and including 6 months
Frequency of Attainment: 6.3 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 4 years, up to and including 6 years
Frequency of Attainment: 6.3 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 10 years
Frequency of Attainment: 3.1 (%)	Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 6 years, up to and including 8 years

Local Salary Information

Select a State (scroll and Select) :

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Please select a State to see State and National Salaries

Certifications

Certifications These are examples of certifications that may be important for this occupation. How can you begin exploring which certifications fit your goals and what steps you would need to take to earn them?

Certified Coal Geologist
Certified Petroleum Geologist
Certified Petroleum Geophysicist
Enterprise Administration Professional 2201

Professional Associations

Professional Associations These associations connect people who work in this occupation or related fields. How can you start using these associations to learn more, build your network, or find mentoring opportunities?

American Association of Professional Landsmen (AAPL)
American Geological Institute
American Society for Gravitational and Space Research (ASGSR)
ASFE The Geoprofessional Business Association
Association of American State Geologists (AASG)
Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists (AEG)
National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT)
National Earth Science Teachers Association (NESTA)
Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM)
Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
The Geological Society of American (GSA)

Job Listings

Job Listings and Similar Occupational Titles - scroll and click to identify common requirements, keywords, and skills in current job listings

Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers

Consultant Geologist

Core Analysis Operator

Core Analyst

Crystallographer

Development Geologist

Engineering Geologist

Environmental Engineer

Environmental Geologist

Environmental Protection Geologist

Exploration Geologist

Field Geologist

Geochemist

Geodesist

Geological Scout

Geological Specialist

Geologist

Geomagnetist

Geomorphologist

Geophysical Prospector

Geophysicist

Geoscientist

Invertebrate Paleontologist

Mining Production Geologist

Mud Logging Data Analyst

Mud Logging Data Engineer

Petrologist

Prospector

Scientist

Related Careers to Consider

Related Careers to Consider This lists up to 20 careers that might be of interest to you (related to what "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers" do, what they know, and what they're called), ranked by best fit. How do these related occupations align with your interests, skills, and goals?
1 - Hydrologists
2 - Industrial Ecologists
3 - Conservation Scientists
4 - Soil and Plant Scientists
5 - Geographers
6 - Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
7 - Biologists
8 - Data Scientists
9 - Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
10 - Atmospheric and Space Scientists
11 - Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians
12 - Hydrologic Technicians
13 - Geodetic Surveyors
14 - Surveying and Mapping Technicians
15 - Petroleum Engineers
16 - Environmental Restoration Planners
17 - Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health
18 - Water Resource Specialists
19 - Surveyors
20 - Astronomers

Step 4 of 4: Career-Specific Resources (detailed and constantly updated)

This section contains detailed resources appropriate to "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers". Explore these resources to start learning more. Links are constantly updated, so bookmark this page.

Videos

Here is a listing of videos related to this career. A great way to get a quick overview of the occupation.

Resumes

Here are resources that allow you to see example resumes for this occupation. It may be helpful to see examples from others who have this type of experience.

Job Description

Here are resources that provide job descriptions, which are vital for resume and interview preparation.

Interviews

There are many great resources that can help guide you through the interview process. These links provide help in preparing and performing an effective interview, specific to this occupation.

Salary Data

Here are links to help you identify salary ranges for this occupation. These data are necessary prior to effective salary negotiations.

Raises

Here are resources that help you to prepare to ask for a raise. These links will help you to prepare for the salary negotiation process.

Jobs

Here are resources that lead to links for actual jobs related to "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers". Use these links to find a job.

Jobs

Here are resources that lead to links for actual jobs related to "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers". Use these links to find a job.

Classifieds

There are various sources for job classified ads. These links should help get you started to find a job for this occupation.

Step-by-Step

Here are links to help guide you, step-by-step, to become a(n): Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers

Career Change

Here are resources to help you prepare for a career change. It is helpful to look carefully at the information provided in Section 3: Career Change (detailed previously on this page) prior to using these links. There is much to learn ...

LinkedIn®

Here are links to various posts and groups from LinkedIn ® that relate to this occupation. Great way to start building professional contacts in the field that might be most appropriate for you.

Career Path

Here are links to various resources to help you explore the career path related to the "Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers" occupation.