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Bachelor Degree Careers and Jobs (jobs after undergraduate degree)

Explore Careers and Jobs Predominantly Filled by Those with a Bachelor's Degree with or without Certificates - All On One Page

Sorted by median annual U.S. salary and including percentage of job holders with Bachelor's Degree.

A bachelor's degree qualifies graduates for a wide range of professional, technical, and management-track careers across nearly every industry. For people who want to compare where a four-year degree can lead before choosing a major or job. Compare careers ranked by salary, review degree-holder and experience percentages, and access preparation resources for each role.



4 Steps to Use This Page: 1-Explore Careers of Intrerest 2-See Job Listings Matched to Career 3-Prepare for the Career 4-See External Career Resources

Here is a short Helper Video External Link.

This page will take you through 4 steps, relative to an Bachelor's Degree, to (1) Select a career, (2) Find active job listings, (3) Prepare for the career you chose, and (4) Provide web resources specific to the career you chose.

Step 1: Select a Career: You will be presented with a listing of Bachelor's Degree careers. The list may be quite long. There are two ways you might like to use this list:
1) Filter - As you enter a word, you will filter (limit) the list of careers below
2) Browse the list (Don't Filter) - You can simply browse the list of careers. There may be many that you might never have considered. This may help you to discover careers that might be of interest.

Once you have identified a career of interest, simply click on it.

Step 2: Find a Job: After you have selected a career/job title above, you will see a form asking for your location. You will see several radio selection choices to utilize the job search site of your choice.



Step 3: Prepare For a Career: In this section you will gain access to detailed information to help you prepare for the career you selected. Information includes core and supplemental duties, general and specific work activities, knowledge required, essential and transferable skills required, day-in-the-life summaries, knowledge required, software skills required, preparation required, educational requirements, training and work experience required, local salary information, certifications, professional associations, current job listings for the job selected along with multiple similar job titles, and related careers (related to what they do, what they know, and what they're called).

Step 4: Career-Specific Resources (detailed and constantly updated): Continue to scroll down the page and you will find tabs that will provide detailed (updated) links to occupational information specific to the career you selected. This information includes:
Videos: Provides a listing of video links related to this career. A great way to get a quick overview of the occupation.
Resumes: Sources for resume materials and techniques. This can help to get you started.
Job Description: Sources that provide job descriptions, which are vital to resume and interview preparation.
Interviews: Provides links that can help you to prepare for and successfully complete the job interview.
Step by Step: Provides links to resources that can help to organize the career search process.
LinkedIn: One of the best professional social media sites that provides links, opportunities, and networking specifically for careers and career development.




Step 1 of 4: Select a Career

Leading Books About Bachelor's Degree Jobs External Link
What jobs can you get with a Bachelor's Degree? Scroll through the picklist (below). These are careers related to the Bachelor's Degree level, with at least 30% of job holders having a Bachelor's Degree. - 223 specific careers are listed, with matching jobs currently available. Select those careers that may be of interest - you will then get links to matching active job listings, and detailed resources to help you prepare.
You can use this form two ways:
1) Enter a Keyword - As you enter a keyword, you will filter (limit) the listing to those careers that contain the keyword entered
2) Browse the list (Don't enter a keyword) - You can simply browse the list of careers. There may be many that you might never have considered. This may help you to discover jobs that might be of interest.

Enter a Keyword (filter the list below)
OR - leave blank and scroll through the choices:



Select a Job Title - Sorted by Annual Salary -(scroll and Select) :
Legend: Career Title Link / (% having Bachelor's Degree) / (Median Annual U.S. Salary)

Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers / (61.02%) / ($219,140)
Chief Executives / (32.29%) / ($206,680)
Computer and Information Systems Managers / (50.48%) / ($169,510)
Architectural and Engineering Managers / (46.67%) / ($165,370)
Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers / (56.68%) / ($165,370)
Natural Sciences Managers / (37.31%) / ($157,740)
Clinical Research Coordinators / (60.13%) / ($157,740)
Water Resource Specialists / (50.00%) / ($157,740)
Financial Managers / (77.31%) / ($156,100)
Investment Fund Managers / (32.66%) / ($156,100)
Computer and Information Research Scientists / (36.22%) / ($145,080)
Computer Hardware Engineers / (48.28%) / ($138,080)
Purchasing Managers / (52.63%) / ($136,380)
Compensation and Benefits Managers / (85.71%) / ($136,380)
Human Resources Managers / (90.91%) / ($136,350)
Petroleum Engineers / (71.61%) / ($135,690)
Sales Managers / (71.43%) / ($135,160)
Database Architects / (80.95%) / ($134,700)
Data Warehousing Specialists / (78.26%) / ($134,700)
Regulatory Affairs Managers / (78.26%) / ($133,560)
Compliance Managers / (63.38%) / ($133,560)
Loss Prevention Managers / (59.10%) / ($133,560)
Wind Energy Operations Managers / (34.76%) / ($133,560)
Wind Energy Development Managers / (69.46%) / ($133,560)
Brownfield Redevelopment Specialists and Site Managers / (86.36%) / ($133,560)
Medical Dosimetrists / (75.00%) / ($132,880)
Software Developers / (85.61%) / ($132,270)
Computer Network Architects / (60.00%) / ($129,840)
Nuclear Engineers / (80.95%) / ($125,460)
Training and Development Managers / (78.57%) / ($125,040)
Information Security Analysts / (75.16%) / ($120,360)
Fundraising Managers / (65.49%) / ($119,200)
Electronics Engineers, Except Computer / (83.30%) / ($119,200)
Radio Frequency Identification Device Specialists / (76.62%) / ($119,200)
Quality Control Systems Managers / (100.00%) / ($116,970)
Biofuels Production Managers / (52.04%) / ($116,970)
Biomass Power Plant Managers / (61.49%) / ($116,970)
Sales Engineers / (57.33%) / ($116,950)
Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists / (76.00%) / ($112,280)
Chemical Engineers / (95.65%) / ($112,100)
Mechatronics Engineers / (66.14%) / ($111,970)
Microsystems Engineers / (43.72%) / ($111,970)
Photonics Engineers / (52.38%) / ($111,970)
Robotics Engineers / (56.67%) / ($111,970)
Wind Energy Engineers / (75.31%) / ($111,970)
Solar Energy Systems Engineers / (55.56%) / ($111,970)
Medical and Health Services Managers / (46.43%) / ($110,680)
Business Intelligence Analysts / (72.73%) / ($108,020)
Clinical Data Managers / (90.00%) / ($108,020)
Electrical Engineers / (81.62%) / ($106,950)
Art Directors / (71.54%) / ($106,500)
Materials Scientists / (66.66%) / ($106,160)
Web Administrators / (55.00%) / ($104,920)
Document Management Specialists / (70.00%) / ($104,920)
Information Security Engineers / (47.37%) / ($104,920)
Blockchain Engineers / (37.50%) / ($104,920)
Information Technology Project Managers / (57.15%) / ($104,920)
Construction Managers / (40.00%) / ($104,900)
Materials Engineers / (80.00%) / ($104,100)
Computer Systems Analysts / (41.93%) / ($103,800)
Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers / (88.47%) / ($103,690)
Security Managers / (70.00%) / ($102,340)
Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers / (50.00%) / ($101,800)
Database Administrators / (92.89%) / ($101,510)
Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers / (43.48%) / ($100,730)
Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers / (95.74%) / ($100,640)
Marine Engineers and Naval Architects / (52.63%) / ($100,270)
Environmental Engineers / (66.66%) / ($100,090)
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products / (41.07%) / ($99,710)
Computer Programmers / (88.04%) / ($99,700)
Personal Financial Advisors / (80.77%) / ($99,580)
Mechanical Engineers / (52.29%) / ($99,510)
Fuel Cell Engineers / (57.14%) / ($99,510)
Automotive Engineers / (71.43%) / ($99,510)
Management Analysts / (66.66%) / ($99,410)
Industrial Engineers / (62.98%) / ($99,380)
Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists / (50.00%) / ($99,380)
Validation Engineers / (90.00%) / ($99,380)
Manufacturing Engineers / (76.00%) / ($99,380)
Supply Chain Managers / (76.19%) / ($99,200)
Special Effects Artists and Animators / (52.75%) / ($99,060)
Video Game Designers / (55.00%) / ($98,540)
Radiation Therapists / (37.54%) / ($98,300)
Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists / (39.13%) / ($96,370)
Civil Engineers / (90.47%) / ($95,890)
Transportation Engineers / (86.36%) / ($95,890)
Water/Wastewater Engineers / (69.57%) / ($95,890)
Transportation Planners / (55.00%) / ($95,890)
Atmospheric and Space Scientists / (60.00%) / ($92,860)
Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers / (51.85%) / ($92,580)
Molecular and Cellular Biologists / (34.62%) / ($91,100)
Intelligence Analysts / (73.92%) / ($91,100)
Geographers / (45.00%) / ($90,880)
Labor Relations Specialists / (42.85%) / ($89,980)
Agricultural Engineers / (75.00%) / ($88,750)
Registered Nurses / (55.92%) / ($86,070)
Acute Care Nurses / (66.66%) / ($86,070)
Critical Care Nurses / (50.00%) / ($86,070)
Microbiologists / (72.73%) / ($85,470)
Web Developers / (50.00%) / ($84,960)
Budget Analysts / (77.48%) / ($84,940)
Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes / (41.33%) / ($84,900)
Chemists / (60.07%) / ($84,680)
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers / (44.97%) / ($84,570)
Financial Examiners / (95.66%) / ($84,300)
Emergency Management Directors / (68.18%) / ($83,960)
Operations Research Analysts / (42.85%) / ($83,640)
Producers and Directors / (56.67%) / ($82,510)
Media Programming Directors / (52.00%) / ($82,510)
Talent Directors / (50.86%) / ($82,510)
Media Technical Directors/Managers / (92.07%) / ($82,510)
Food Scientists and Technologists / (81.82%) / ($82,090)
Urban and Regional Planners / (40.00%) / ($81,800)
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists / (82.61%) / ($81,140)
Technical Writers / (35.52%) / ($80,050)
Business Continuity Planners / (65.22%) / ($79,590)
Sustainability Specialists / (56.52%) / ($79,590)
Online Merchants / (41.29%) / ($79,590)
Security Management Specialists / (70.00%) / ($79,590)
Credit Analysts / (95.00%) / ($79,420)
Logisticians / (75.00%) / ($79,400)
Logistics Engineers / (73.91%) / ($79,400)
Logistics Analysts / (63.64%) / ($79,400)
Landscape Architects / (95.00%) / ($79,320)
Fashion Designers / (50.67%) / ($79,290)
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health / (60.15%) / ($78,980)
Environmental Restoration Planners / (59.09%) / ($78,980)
Financial Quantitative Analysts / (35.00%) / ($78,310)
Insurance Underwriters / (73.33%) / ($77,860)
Social and Community Service Managers / (50.36%) / ($77,030)
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents / (61.33%) / ($76,900)
Commercial and Industrial Designers / (67.92%) / ($76,250)
Cartographers and Photogrammetrists / (31.50%) / ($76,210)
Environmental Compliance Inspectors / (75.00%) / ($75,670)
Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers / (70.20%) / ($75,670)
Government Property Inspectors and Investigators / (39.34%) / ($75,670)
Coroners / (50.00%) / ($75,670)
Regulatory Affairs Specialists / (85.00%) / ($75,670)
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators / (55.82%) / ($75,050)
Cost Estimators / (81.82%) / ($74,740)
Search Marketing Strategists / (47.83%) / ($74,680)
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists / (95.23%) / ($74,530)
Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers / (31.82%) / ($73,690)
Computer Network Support Specialists / (48.77%) / ($71,530)
Bioinformatics Technicians / (53.34%) / ($70,620)
Loan Officers / (69.86%) / ($69,990)
Dietitians and Nutritionists / (63.33%) / ($69,680)
Electrical and Electronics Drafters / (40.08%) / ($69,260)
Conservation Scientists / (78.27%) / ($68,750)
Range Managers / (75.00%) / ($68,750)
Surveyors / (47.37%) / ($68,540)
Geodetic Surveyors / (85.18%) / ($68,540)
Human Resources Specialists / (48.28%) / ($67,650)
Public Relations Specialists / (90.91%) / ($66,750)
Special Education Teachers, Secondary School / (57.35%) / ($66,620)
Special Education Teachers, Middle School / (83.78%) / ($66,600)
Film and Video Editors / (65.10%) / ($66,600)
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products / (33.89%) / ($65,630)
Lodging Managers / (71.60%) / ($65,360)
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education / (84.73%) / ($65,220)
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School / (44.42%) / ($65,130)
Forensic Science Technicians / (32.36%) / ($64,940)
Training and Development Specialists / (78.26%) / ($64,340)
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education / (88.24%) / ($64,290)
Fundraisers / (95.24%) / ($64,160)
Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians / (36.52%) / ($64,020)
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education / (78.17%) / ($63,680)
Music Therapists / (84.62%) / ($63,650)
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers / (45.22%) / ($63,450)
Health Education Specialists / (30.93%) / ($62,860)
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education / (86.20%) / ($62,690)
Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians / (30.00%) / ($62,610)
Interior Designers / (84.00%) / ($62,510)
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists / (88.03%) / ($61,800)
Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors / (56.31%) / ($61,710)
Paralegals and Legal Assistants / (46.50%) / ($60,970)
Survey Researchers / (50.00%) / ($60,960)
Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors / (52.22%) / ($60,560)
Brokerage Clerks / (38.23%) / ($60,150)
Set and Exhibit Designers / (33.33%) / ($59,490)
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators / (35.12%) / ($59,300)
Computer User Support Specialists / (47.32%) / ($59,240)
Insurance Sales Agents / (46.90%) / ($59,080)
Graphic Designers / (65.00%) / ($58,910)
Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents / (33.61%) / ($58,530)
Remote Sensing Technicians / (70.45%) / ($58,350)
Athletic Trainers / (37.39%) / ($57,930)
Occupational Health and Safety Technicians / (52.38%) / ($57,920)
Fitness and Wellness Coordinators / (42.31%) / ($57,570)
First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers / (32.89%) / ($57,320)
Recreational Therapists / (97.30%) / ($57,120)
Interpreters and Translators / (54.72%) / ($57,090)
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners / (40.80%) / ($56,920)
Chemical Technicians / (43.74%) / ($56,750)
Social Science Research Assistants / (54.32%) / ($56,400)
First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers / (32.32%) / ($55,740)
Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians / (72.05%) / ($54,000)
Child, Family, and School Social Workers / (68.66%) / ($53,940)
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks / (31.84%) / ($52,240)
Audio and Video Technicians / (42.67%) / ($51,640)
Biological Technicians / (62.82%) / ($51,430)
Desktop Publishers / (38.70%) / ($51,290)
Airfield Operations Specialists / (50.86%) / ($51,140)
Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health / (68.18%) / ($50,660)
Directors, Religious Activities and Education / (54.13%) / ($50,140)
Private Detectives and Investigators / (42.15%) / ($49,540)
Food Science Technicians / (32.33%) / ($49,090)
Proofreaders and Copy Markers / (47.30%) / ($48,790)
Cargo and Freight Agents / (30.75%) / ($48,330)
Freight Forwarders / (43.66%) / ($48,330)
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping / (33.81%) / ($47,710)
Loan Interviewers and Clerks / (38.26%) / ($47,380)
Procurement Clerks / (32.73%) / ($46,670)
Coaches and Scouts / (48.89%) / ($45,910)
Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys / (35.18%) / ($44,890)
Speech-Language Pathology Assistants / (37.46%) / ($44,490)
Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary / (57.32%) / ($43,750)
Precision Agriculture Technicians / (34.78%) / ($43,180)
Social and Human Service Assistants / (40.46%) / ($41,410)
Tutors / (40.91%) / ($39,580)
Residential Advisors / (31.29%) / ($37,950)
Substitute Teachers, Short-Term / (40.15%) / ($37,380)
Recreation Workers / (61.96%) / ($34,410)

Step 2 of 4: Find a Job

Job Listings for: Computer and Information Research Scientists.

Search results will open in a new tab.

Note: Job search results work best for U.S.-based locations. For international searches, try searching for "[job title] in [city, country]" directly on the selected job board, or visit their country-specific website.

Step 3 of 4: Prepare For a Career

Prepare for the "Computer and Information Research Scientists" Career
The details below will provide a pathway to your specific job goal and help you to identify an appropriate career ladder.




Computer and Information Research Scientists

Description: Conduct research into fundamental computer and information science as theorists, designers, or inventors. Develop solutions to problems in the field of computer hardware and software.

U.S. Total Employment (2023):
33,000
U.S. Total Employment (2033 est.):
40,200
Employment Change (2023-2033 est.):
7,200 (21.9%)
Average Annual Job Openings (2023-2033 est.):
3,200
Please click on a section below to expand and see detailed occupational information related to "Computer and Information Research Scientists":

Core Duties

Important Core Job Duties (in order of importance)
For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%) Description
Importance: 97 (%) Description: Analyze problems to develop solutions involving computer hardware and software.
Importance: 93 (%) Description: Conduct logical analyses of business, scientific, engineering, and other technical problems, formulating mathematical models of problems for solution by computers.
Importance: 87 (%) Description: Meet with managers, vendors, and others to solicit cooperation and resolve problems.
Importance: 85 (%) Description: Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to determine computing needs and system requirements.
Importance: 84 (%) Description: Apply theoretical expertise and innovation to create or apply new technology, such as adapting principles for applying computers to new uses.
Importance: 83 (%) Description: Evaluate project plans and proposals to assess feasibility issues.
Importance: 83 (%) Description: Assign or schedule tasks to meet work priorities and goals.
Importance: 80 (%) Description: Design computers and the software that runs them.
Importance: 78 (%) Description: Develop performance standards, and evaluate work in light of established standards.
Importance: 75 (%) Description: Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures.
Importance: 72 (%) Description: Participate in multidisciplinary projects in areas such as virtual reality, human-computer interaction, or robotics.
Supplemental Duties
Important Supplemental Job Duties (in order of importance)
For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%) Description
Importance: 81 (%) Description: Participate in staffing decisions and direct training of subordinates.
Importance: 64 (%) Description: Approve, prepare, monitor, and adjust operational budgets.
Importance: 61 (%) Description: Direct daily operations of departments, coordinating project activities with other departments.
Importance: 48 (%) Description: Maintain network hardware and software, direct network security measures, and monitor networks to ensure availability to system users.
Work Activities

Important General Work Activities (in order of importance)
For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%) Description
Importance: 99 (%) Description: Working with Computers: Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Importance: 93 (%) Description: Making Decisions and Solving Problems: Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Importance: 92 (%) Description: Getting Information: Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Importance: 91 (%) Description: Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge: Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Importance: 91 (%) Description: Analyzing Data or Information: Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Importance: 91 (%) Description: Thinking Creatively: Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Importance: 87 (%) Description: Documenting/Recording Information: Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Importance: 86 (%) Description: Processing Information: Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Importance: 86 (%) Description: Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events: Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Importance: 86 (%) Description: Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates: Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Importance: 85 (%) Description: Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others: Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Importance: 84 (%) Description: Communicating with People Outside the Organization: Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Importance: 84 (%) Description: Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Importance: 75 (%) Description: Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships: Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Importance: 74 (%) Description: Developing Objectives and Strategies: Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Importance: 73 (%) Description: Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work: Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Importance: 71 (%) Description: Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People: Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Importance: 71 (%) Description: Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards: Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Importance: 68 (%) Description: Scheduling Work and Activities: Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Importance: 66 (%) Description: Providing Consultation and Advice to Others: Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Importance: 64 (%) Description: Training and Teaching Others: Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Importance: 61 (%) Description: Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings: Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Specific Work Activities

Important Specific Work Activities
How can you begin to build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation. Specific Work Activities appear below:
Analyze data to identify or resolve operational problems.
Analyze data to identify trends or relationships among variables.
Apply information technology to solve business or other applied problems.
Assign duties or work schedules to employees.
Collaborate on research activities with scientists or technical specialists.
Collaborate with others to determine design specifications or details.
Collaborate with others to resolve information technology issues.
Coordinate project activities with other personnel or departments.
Design integrated computer systems.
Develop organizational goals or objectives.
Develop performance metrics or standards related to information technology.
Evaluate project designs to determine adequacy or feasibility.
Maintain computer hardware.
Manage budgets for appropriate resource allocation.
Manage information technology projects or system activities.
Monitor the performance of computer networks.
Participate in staffing decisions.
Train others in computer interface or software use.
Knowledge Required

Knowledge Required (in order of importance)
For the Top 5 most important - How can you build experience and skill doing these? This will help now, to begin preparing for this type of occupation.
Importance (%) Description
Importance: 90 (%) Description: Computers and Electronics: Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Importance: 80 (%) Description: Mathematics: Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Importance: 77 (%) Description: Engineering and Technology: Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Importance: 76 (%) Description: English Language: Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Importance: 65 (%) Description: Administration and Management: Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Importance: 64 (%) Description: Design: Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Importance: 61 (%) Description: Telecommunications: Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Essential Skills

Essential Skills (in order of importance)
These are the foundational skills most central to success in this occupation. For the Top 5 most important, how can you begin building experience and confidence using these skills now?
Importance (%) Description
Importance: 66 (%) Description: Critical Thinking: Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Importance: 62 (%) Description: Reading Comprehension: Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Importance: 62 (%) Description: Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Importance: 58 (%) Description: Speaking: Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Importance: 58 (%) Description: Active Learning: Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Importance: 56 (%) Description: Writing: Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Importance: 56 (%) Description: Mathematics: Using mathematics to solve problems.
Importance: 52 (%) Description: Science: Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Importance: 52 (%) Description: Monitoring: Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Transferable Skills

Transferable Skills (in order of importance)
These are skills that can transfer across occupations and industries. For the Top 5 most important, how can you strengthen these skills now so they support both this career and future career flexibility?
Importance (%) Description
Importance: 66 (%) Description: Complex Problem Solving: Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Importance: 66 (%) Description: Judgment and Decision Making: Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Importance: 62 (%) Description: Systems Analysis: Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Importance: 60 (%) Description: Programming: Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Importance: 60 (%) Description: Systems Evaluation: Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Importance: 56 (%) Description: Time Management: Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Importance: 52 (%) Description: Operations Analysis: Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Importance: 52 (%) Description: Technology Design: Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Day-in-the-Life Summaries

Day-in-the-Life Summaries
These summaries show the main types of activities you are likely to perform on a regular basis in this occupation. How can you imagine your typical workday — using these examples to see if this type of work fits you?
Activity: Analyze data to improve operations.
Activity: Analyze scientific or applied data using mathematical principles.
Activity: Assign work to others.
Activity: Assist scientists, scholars, or technical specialists with projects or research.
Activity: Communicate with others about specifications or project details.
Activity: Coordinate with others to resolve problems.
Activity: Design computer or information systems or applications.
Activity: Develop organizational or program goals or objectives.
Activity: Develop technical specifications for products or operations.
Activity: Direct organizational operations, activities, or procedures.
Activity: Direct scientific or technical activities.
Activity: Evaluate project feasibility.
Activity: Maintain electronic, computer, or other technical equipment.
Activity: Manage budgets or finances.
Activity: Monitor operation of computer or information technologies.
Activity: Perform recruiting or hiring activities.
Activity: Train others to use equipment or products.
Software Skills

Software Skills
These are examples of software tools commonly used in this occupation, organized from most to least important for your career preparation. How can you start learning or practicing the highest-priority tools so that you feel confident using them on the job?
High-Priority Tech Skills
Analytical or scientific software:
TensorFlow
Application server software:
Docker
GitHub
Kubernetes
Business intelligence and data analysis software:
Apache Spark
Configuration management software:
IBM Terraform
Data base management system software:
Apache Hadoop
Data base user interface and query software:
Amazon Web Services AWS software
Prometheus
PyTorch
Structured query language SQL
Data mining software:
Snowflake
Development environment software:
Apache Kafka
C
Go
Microsoft Azure software
Enterprise application integration software:
Jenkins CI
Expert system software:
Ansible software
File versioning software:
Git
Graphical user interface development software:
Grafana Labs Grafana Cloud
Object or component oriented development software (scroll table below):
C++
Oracle Java
Python
R
Scala
Operating system software:
Bash
Linux
Web platform development software:
JavaScript
Widely Used Tech Skills
Cloud-based management software:
Amazon Web Services AWS SageMaker
Data base management system software:
Vector database software
Data base user interface and query software:
pandas
Development environment software:
Hugging Face
Scikit-learn
Object or component oriented development software:
LangChain
Emerging Tech Skills
Analytical or scientific software:
IBM SPSS Statistics
SAS
The MathWorks MATLAB
Application server software:
GitLab
Business intelligence and data analysis software:
Microsoft Power BI
Tableau
Cloud-based management software:
Amazon Web Services AWS CloudFormation
Splunk Enterprise
Configuration management software:
Chef
Puppet
Data base management system software (scroll table below):
Amazon DynamoDB
Apache Cassandra
Elasticsearch
MongoDB
MySQL
NoSQL
Oracle Database
Redis
Teradata Database
Data base user interface and query software (scroll table below):
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud EC2
Amazon Redshift
Apache Hive
Microsoft SQL Server
Transact-SQL
Data mining software:
Google Analytics
Development environment software (scroll table below):
Eclipse IDE
Microsoft Visual Basic
Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA
Microsoft Visual Studio
Oracle Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition J2EE
Ruby
Enterprise application integration software:
Extensible markup language XML
File versioning software:
Apache Subversion SVN
Geographic information system:
ESRI ArcGIS software
Object or component oriented development software:
C#
Perl
Object oriented data base management software:
PostgreSQL
Office suite software:
Microsoft Office software
Operating system software:
Shell script
UNIX
UNIX Shell
Presentation software:
Microsoft PowerPoint
Procedure management software:
Apache Airflow
Project management software:
Microsoft Project
Spreadsheet software:
Microsoft Excel
Web platform development software:
Django
Node.js
PHP
General Software Tools
Analytical or scientific software (scroll table below):
Advanced numerical software
Algorithmic software
Augmint
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT)
Computational statistics software
Data visualization software
Intel Math Kernel Library
Mathematical software
Minitab
Multisensory data representation software
Optimization software
Polhemus Fasttrack System
Rice Simulator for ILP Multiprocessors RSIM
Simulation software
StataCorp Stata
Business intelligence and data analysis software:
IBM Cognos Impromptu
MicroStrategy
Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition
Qlik Tech QlikView
Clustering software:
Clustermatic
Parallel systems software
Communications server software:
IBM Domino
Compiler and decompiler software:
Greenhills Ada compilers
Low-level virtual machine LLVM compilers
Polaris parallelizing compilers
Computer aided design CAD software:
Computer aided design and drafting CADD software
PTC Creo Parametric
Configuration management software:
IBM Rational Apex
Perforce Software Configuration Management System
Data base management system software (scroll table below):
Apache Flume
Apache Pig
Apache Solr
Relational database management software
Relational database management system software
Development environment software (scroll table below):
Ada
Automated document generation software
CMake
Doxygen
Embarcadero JBuilder
Formula translation/translator FORTRAN
High-performance software libraries
IBM Rational Rose XDE
Integrated development environment IDE software
Intel Integrated Performance Primitives
List processing language LISP
Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition VBScript
Microsoft Visual Studio.NET
National Instruments LabVIEW
OpenAI ChatGPT
Prolog
Software libraries
Source code management SCM software
Verilog
Enterprise application integration software:
IBM InfoSphere DataStage
Enterprise resource planning ERP software:
Microsoft Dynamics
SAP Business Objects
Geographic information system:
Geographic information system GIS software
Graphical user interface development software:
Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis Weka
Graphics or photo imaging software:
3D graphics software
Graphics pipelines
Open Graphics Library OpenGL
Industrial control software:
Chatbot software
Metadata management software:
Quest Erwin Data Modeler
Object or component oriented development software (scroll table below):
Charm++
Eiffel
Jupyter Notebook
Microsoft ActiveX
Microsoft Visual Basic.NET
Microsoft Visual C# .NET
Object oriented development environment software
Office suite software:
Business software applications
Operating system software:
Microsoft Windows XP
Oracle Solaris
Ubuntu
VME PowerPC VxWorks
Portal server software:
Apache HTTP Server
Program testing software:
System testing software
Requirements analysis and system architecture software:
Unified modeling language UML
Sales and marketing software:
Google Ads
Video creation and editing software:
Video editing software
Web page creation and editing software:
Plug-in file software
Web platform development software:
Extensible stylesheet language transformations XSLT
Preparation Required
Preparation Required - How much preparation is needed to obtain this type of job?
Job Zone Five: Extensive Preparation Needed

Extensive skill, knowledge, and experience are needed for these occupations. Many require more than five years of experience. For example, surgeons must complete four years of college and an additional five to seven years of specialized medical training to be able to do their job.

Most of these occupations require graduate school. For example, they may require a master's degree, and some require a Ph.D., M.D., or J.D. (law degree).

Employees may need some on-the-job training, but most of these occupations assume that the person will already have the required skills, knowledge, work-related experience, and/or training.

These occupations often involve coordinating, training, supervising, or managing the activities of others to accomplish goals. Very advanced communication and organizational skills are required. Examples include pharmacists, lawyers, astronomers, biologists, clergy, physician assistants, and veterinarians.
Education Required

Education Required - by frequency of educational attainment
This shows you details about the level of education most commonly held by workers in this occupation. How can you begin planning the educational pathway that will prepare you best for this type of work?
Frequency of Attainment (%) Level of Education
Frequency of Attainment: 36.2 (%) Level of Education: Bachelor's Degree
Frequency of Attainment: 28.4 (%) Level of Education: Doctoral Degree
Frequency of Attainment: 19.9 (%) Level of Education: Master's Degree
Frequency of Attainment: 8.4 (%) Level of Education: Some College Courses
Frequency of Attainment: 4.5 (%) Level of Education: Post-Doctoral Training
Frequency of Attainment: 2.6 (%) Level of Education: First Professional Degree - awarded for completion of a program that: requires at least 2 years of college work before entrance into the program, includes a total of at least 6 academic years of work to complete, and provides all remaining academic requirements to begin practice in a profession.
Training and Experience Required

Training and Experience Required - by frequency of training and work experience attainment
This section shows you how often different types of training and work experience are required for this occupation. How can you start gaining the kinds of experience and training that are most common for this type of work?
Frequency of Attainment (%) Level of Training and Work Experience
Frequency of Attainment: 43.8 (%) Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 2 years, up to and including 4 years
Frequency of Attainment: 21.1 (%) Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 4 years, up to and including 6 years
Frequency of Attainment: 13.9 (%) Level of Training and Work Experience: None
Frequency of Attainment: 13.9 (%) Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 10 years
Frequency of Attainment: 4.5 (%) Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 6 years, up to and including 8 years
Frequency of Attainment: 2.8 (%) Level of Training and Work Experience: Over 1 year, up to and including 2 years
Certifications
Certifications
These are examples of certifications that may be important for this occupation. How can you begin exploring which certifications fit your goals and what steps you would need to take to earn them?
Adobe Campaign Classic Business Practitioner Expert Certification External Link
Associate - Data Science Version 2.0 External Link
Associate Computer Scientist External Link
Certified Computer Scientist External Link
Specialist - Data Scientist, Advanced Analytics Version 1.0 External Link
Professional Associations
Related Careers to Consider
Related Careers to Consider
This lists up to 20 careers that might be of interest to you (related to what "Computer and Information Research Scientists" do, what they know, and what they're called), ranked by best fit. How do these related occupations align with your interests, skills, and goals?
1 - Data Scientists
2 - Mathematicians
3 - Software Developers
4 - Computer Programmers
5 - Operations Research Analysts
6 - Computer Systems Engineers/Architects
7 - Computer Systems Analysts
8 - Bioinformatics Technicians
9 - Bioinformatics Scientists
10 - Database Architects
11 - Natural Sciences Managers
12 - Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers
13 - Computer and Information Systems Managers
14 - Architectural and Engineering Managers
15 - Statisticians
16 - Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
17 - Robotics Engineers
18 - Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians
19 - Information Technology Project Managers
20 - Computer Hardware Engineers

Step 4 of 4: Career-Specific Resources (detailed and constantly updated)

This section contains detailed resources appropriate to "Computer and Information Research Scientists". Explore these resources to start learning more. Links are constantly updated, so bookmark this page.

Videos

Here is a listing of videos related to this career. A great way to get a quick overview of the occupation.


Resumes

Here are resources that allow you to see example resumes for this occupation. It may be helpful to see examples from others who have this type of experience.


Job Description

Here are resources that provide job descriptions, which are vital for resume and interview preparation.


Interviews

There are many great resources that can help guide you through the interview process. These links provide help in preparing and performing an effective interview, specific to this occupation.


Salary Data

Here are links to help you identify salary ranges for this occupation. These data are necessary prior to effective salary negotiations.


Raises

Here are resources that help you to prepare to ask for a raise. These links will help you to prepare for the salary negotiation process.


Jobs

Here are resources that lead to links for actual jobs related to "Computer and Information Research Scientists". Use these links to find a job.


Jobs

Here are resources that lead to links for actual jobs related to "Computer and Information Research Scientists". Use these links to find a job.


Classifieds

There are various sources for job classified ads. These links should help get you started to find a job for this occupation.


Step-by-Step

Here are links to help guide you, step-by-step, to become a(n): Computer and Information Research Scientists


Career Change

Here are resources to help you prepare for a career change. It is helpful to look carefully at the information provided in Section 3: Career Change (detailed previously on this page) prior to using these links. There is much to learn ...


LinkedIn®

Here are links to various posts and groups from LinkedIn ® that relate to this occupation. Great way to start building professional contacts in the field that might be most appropriate for you.


Career Path

Here are links to various resources to help you explore the career path related to the "Computer and Information Research Scientists" occupation.






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